Glossary

The 6-minute zone is vital because the time to defibrillation has a direct impact on the chances of survival in the event of cardiac arrest. Every minute of delay without resuscitation or defibrillation reduces the chance of survival by 7-10%. Acting within 6 minutes is therefore crucial to supply the brain and other vital organs with oxygen and to prevent permanent damage.

A well-functioning 6-minute zone ensures that:

1. Citizen responders can act quickly: By strategically placing AEDs in a zone, they are always within reach, saving valuable time.
2. The chain of survival is strengthened: This chain consists of four steps: rapid recognition and alarm, early resuscitation, early defibrillation, and professional care. A 6-minute zone makes steps 2 and 3 more effective.
3. Survival rates increase significantly: Research shows that the chance of survival can increase by up to 70% if a victim receives an AED shock within 6 minutes in combination with good chest compressions.

In short, a 6-minute zone can literally make the difference between life and death, making it an essential part of local and national efforts to save lives from cardiac arrest.

The response time is the time that emergency services need to arrive at the scene after an emergency call. In life-threatening situations, such as cardiac arrest, every second is important. An AED can save lives in the meantime by restoring the heart rhythm until the ambulance arrives. Because the first 6 minutes are crucial for resuscitation, it is essential that an AED is deployed within this time, especially when the response time of an ambulance is longer than 6 minutes.

An ambulance is a specially equipped emergency vehicle used to provide medical care and transport patients quickly to hospitals. Ambulances are equipped with medical equipment, such as AEDs, ventilators, and medications, so that emergency responders can provide first aid en route to the hospital. In the event of cardiac arrest, the ambulance plays a crucial role in quickly providing advanced medical care and stabilizing the patient.

CPR, also known as BLS (Basic Life Support), is the first life-saving measures performed on a victim in cardiac arrest or respiratory failure. It consists of checking consciousness and breathing, calling emergency services, and performing chest compressions and rescue breaths at a 30:2 ratio. If available, an AED is used to restore heart rhythm. BLS is intended to support circulation and breathing until professional help arrives.

BHV stands for Company Emergency Response . This is an organization within a company or institution that is responsible for providing assistance in emergency situations, such as fire, accidents or evacuations. BHV'ers are trained employees who can act quickly and adequately to ensure the safety of colleagues and visitors.

In the Netherlands, employers are required to take measures for company emergency response, as laid down in the Working Conditions Act. This means that there must be sufficient BHV'ers present who are trained in first aid, fire fighting and evacuation. The exact content of the BHV organisation depends on the size and risks of the company.

Emergency response officers play a crucial role in the use of an AED (Automated External Defibrillator). They are trained to act quickly in the event of cardiac arrest, to perform CPR and to use the AED until professional emergency responders arrive. In this way, they significantly increase the victim's chances of survival.

A citizen responder is a trained volunteer who is called in to provide first aid in the event of a cardiac arrest via a call system (such as HartslagNu in the Netherlands). This responder is usually familiar with resuscitation and the use of an AED. In the event of a report of a cardiac arrest, a citizen responder can often arrive at the scene faster than professional emergency services, which significantly increases the victim's chance of survival. Citizen responders play an important role in the chain of survival.

Read more about citizen responders in the brochure of the Dutch Heart Foundation.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), or cardiopulmonary resuscitation, is a life-saving technique used in the event of cardiac arrest. It combines chest compressions and rescue breaths to maintain blood flow and oxygen supply to vital organs such as the brain until professional help arrives. The standard procedure involves 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths (30:2 ratio) for adults. The approach may be slightly different for children and infants. CPR is an essential link in the chain of survival and increases the chance of success when combined with the use of an AED.

Chest compressions, also known as cardiac massage, are a technique used during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to artificially maintain blood circulation in the event of cardiac arrest. By firmly and rhythmically pressing on the center of the chest with outstretched arms, the heart is compressed between the breastbone and the spine. This helps pump blood to vital organs, such as the brain and the heart itself.

The recommended depth is 5-6 cm in adults, with a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute. Chest compressions are essential to buy time until an AED can be deployed or professional help arrives. Performing them correctly can significantly increase the chance of survival.

The "chain of survival" is a series of essential steps that must be taken quickly and effectively to increase the chance of survival from cardiac arrest. These steps are:

1. Check consciousness
   Shake gently on the shoulders and ask (loudly), "Are you okay?"
   No response? The victim is unconscious.
2. Call 112 immediately
   Bystanders present? Ask them to call 112 and get an AED if available.
   Alone? Call 112, put the phone next to the victim on speaker function. Ask for an ambulance. Say that the victim is not responding. Follow the instructions of the dispatcher.
3. Check breathing
   Place one hand on the forehead and tilt the head back to open the airway.
   Lift the chin with 2 fingertips of the other hand (chin lift).
   Look, listen and feel for a maximum of 10 seconds.
   No or normal breathing and you are alone?
   Obtain an AED if it is IMMEDIATELY available.
4. Start with 30 chest compressions
   Place your hands in the middle of your chest.
   Push the sternum in 5 to 6 centimeters.
   Do this 30 times at a rate of 100 to 120 times per minute.
5. Breathe 2 times
   Do the chin lift, tilt the head back and pinch the nose closed.
   Perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Breathe for 1 second, causing the chest to rise.
   Give a total of 2 breaths. This may interrupt the compressions for a maximum of 10 seconds.
   Continue CPR, alternating 30 chest compressions with 2 breaths. If there is a 2nd rescuer, alternate every 2 minutes.
6. Use the AED
   Interrupt resuscitation for as short a time as possible.
   Bare the chest.
   Turn on the AED and always do what the AED tells you to do.
   Attach the electrodes to the bare chest.
   Follow the AED's instructions until the ambulance personnel arrive and tell you to stop.

Each step in this chain is crucial to increase a victim's chance of survival.

Download the poster from the Heart Foundation here . This poster clearly explains all 6 steps for resuscitation.

Pediatric CPR is the practice of performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques on children, usually 1 to 8 years old, who are in cardiac arrest. The process involves performing chest compressions and rescue breaths to restore blood flow and oxygen until professional help arrives. For children, a modified technique is often used, such as performing one-handed chest compressions or giving smaller breaths. The goal is to save the child's life until an automated external defibrillator (AED) or medical help is available.

Life-saving equipment includes medical devices used to directly save lives in emergency situations. Examples include:

• AED (Automated External Defibrillator): To restore a normal heart rhythm in the event of cardiac arrest.
• Oxygen delivery systems: For victims with breathing difficulties.
• Breathing masks: For safe ventilation during resuscitation.
• First aid supplies: Such as bandages and tourniquets to stop bleeding.
• Infusion pumps: For rapid administration of fluids or medication.

This equipment is often simple to use, even by laymen, and plays a crucial role in the first minutes of a life-threatening situation until professional help arrives.

CSR stands for Corporate Social Responsibility. This concept means that companies not only strive for profit, but also take responsibility for the impact of their activities on the environment, society and their employees. CSR integrates three core aspects: People, Planet, Profit .

• People : This is about the social side of doing business. Companies provide good working conditions, invest in the community, and take into account the interests of all stakeholders, such as customers, employees and suppliers.
• Planet : This aspect is about sustainability and environmental protection. Companies strive to reduce their ecological footprint through, for example, energy efficiency, waste reduction, the use of sustainable materials and reducing CO₂ emissions.
• Profit : While profit is essential for businesses to survive, CSR balances it with social and ecological considerations. Businesses strive for long-term profitability without harming people and the environment.

In short, CSR is about doing business with an eye for the broader consequences of business activities and finding a balance between financial, ecological and social interests.

Emergency medical care includes all immediate care and actions provided in acute health problems or life-threatening situations, such as cardiac arrest, serious injuries or respiratory distress. The aim is to save the victim's life, prevent further damage and stabilise the condition until professional help arrives.

Examples of emergency medical care include:

• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the use of an AED.
• Stopping severe bleeding.
• Clearing the airways.
• Treating shock or unconsciousness.

Emergency medical assistance can be provided by citizen responders, first aiders or professionals and is an essential link in the chain of survival.

A do-not-resuscitate medallion is an official tool that someone uses to indicate that they do not want to be resuscitated in the event of cardiac arrest. It is a personal choice, often made for medical, ethical or personal reasons.

Features:

• It is a necklace or medallion that says "Do Not Resuscitate."
• Healthcare providers and emergency services respect this wish, provided the medal is clearly visible.

Important:

• The medal is only legally valid if the wearer has chosen it consciously and voluntarily.
• It is important that relatives and care providers are aware of this wish.

Emergency call
An emergency call is an urgent notification to emergency services (such as 112 in Europe) to request medical or other assistance in an emergency. In a medical emergency, such as a cardiac arrest, it is important to provide the following information clearly and quickly:

1. Location: The exact spot of the incident.
2. Situation: What happened (e.g. unconscious person or cardiac arrest).
3. Condition: The victim's condition (not breathing, unresponsive).
4. Actions: What has already been done, such as resuscitation or use of an AED.

The operator can give instructions until professional help arrives. A timely and correct emergency call is a crucial step in the chain of survival.

An emergency response plan AED is a pre-established step-by-step plan that describes how to act in the event of a cardiac arrest. It includes the location of the AED, task division, calling in emergency services, and the use of the AED. This plan ensures a fast and efficient response in emergency situations and increases the victim's chance of survival.

Restart a Heart Day is an international awareness day held annually on October 16. The aim of this day is to raise awareness about resuscitation and to teach as many people as possible how to perform resuscitation and use an AED. The campaign emphasises the importance of rapid resuscitation in the event of cardiac arrest, as this significantly increases the chances of survival. Through workshops and training, people are encouraged to learn life-saving skills.

The female heart often shows different symptoms and reacts differently to cardiovascular diseases than the male heart. In women, heart complaints are sometimes less recognizable, such as chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, nausea, and pain in the back, neck or jaw. As a result, heart problems in women are sometimes recognized later.

Hormonal changes, such as those during menopause, increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in women. Research into the female heart is therefore important to understand the differences and provide the right treatment. Organizations such as the  The Dutch Heart Foundation and the Women's Heart Foundation are committed to raising awareness and stimulating research into cardiovascular diseases in women, so that they can be treated better and faster.

Use this text to provide answers for your most commonly asked questions.

An AED Monitor is an advanced version of an automated external defibrillator (AED) that not only provides defibrillation, but also comprehensive monitoring of a patient's vital signs, such as heart rate, oxygen saturation, and blood pressure. The device is often used by professional responders, such as ambulance crews, because it provides real-time data for assessing a patient's condition during resuscitation and treatment.

An AED training is a course in which participants learn how to effectively use an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) during resuscitation. The training usually includes theoretical explanations and practical exercises, such as connecting electrodes and following spoken instructions from the AED. The goal is to build confidence and skills to act quickly and adequately in emergency situations.

The asystole detection threshold is a parameter used by advanced defibrillators to distinguish asystole (the absence of electrical activity in the heart) from other arrhythmias. Asystole is a form of cardiac arrest in which no electrical impulses are detected, meaning that there is no heartbeat.

The detection threshold refers to the sensitivity of the device to determine whether the heart rhythm is actually absent (asystole) or whether there is very weak or barely detectable electrical activity. This is important because some defibrillators will only deliver shocks if a shockable rhythm is detected, such as ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia. In asystole, a shock is often not helpful, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (chest compressions) and medication are administered instead.

The threshold helps prevent unnecessary or inappropriate shocks and ensures that the defibrillator only takes action when the heart shows an arrhythmia that can be corrected with a shock.

The automatic mode of an AED refers to a function in which the device decides on its own whether to deliver a shock, without the rescuer having to press a button. After the electrodes are placed, the AED analyzes the heart rhythm and automatically delivers a shock if necessary. This mode is designed to increase ease of use and save time, especially for rescuers without extensive training. The AED guides the user through the process with spoken or visual instructions.

Automatic shock delivery is a feature of some AEDs where the device automatically delivers an electric shock when needed, without the rescuer having to press a button. After analyzing the heart rhythm, the AED determines whether a shock is needed and delivers it immediately. This speeds up rescue and reduces the chance of human error, while still providing clear instructions to the user.

An automatic self-test is a built-in feature of an AED that allows the device to periodically check its functionality. During this test, the AED checks essential components, such as the battery, electrodes, and internal circuitry, to ensure that the device is ready for use. If a problem is detected, the AED will provide a visual or audible warning. This feature ensures that the AED remains reliable, even if it is not used for a long period of time.

The battery of an AED is an essential component that provides the energy to analyze the heart rhythm, provide instructions and deliver an electric shock. AED batteries are specially designed to remain on standby for a long time and to be quickly deployed in emergency situations. The lifespan varies by model, but batteries should be checked regularly and replaced in time to ensure that the AED is always operational. Some AEDs give a warning signal when the battery is low.

The battery life of an AED refers to the time the battery remains functional, both in standby mode and during use. Standby battery life typically ranges from 2 to 5 years, depending on the model and usage. During active use, such as delivering shocks or performing self-tests, the battery may drain more quickly. It is important to check the battery regularly and replace it in time to ensure that the AED is always ready for use. Some AEDs warn when the battery is low.

Protecting an AED refers to measures taken to keep the device in optimal condition, both physically and functionally. This includes the use of special AED cabinets, protective covers or wall brackets to protect the device from dust, moisture, extreme temperatures and vandalism. Many AED cabinets are equipped with an alarm to prevent unauthorized use. In addition, regular maintenance and checking of components, such as the battery and electrodes, is essential to keep the AED reliable and ready for use in emergency situations.

A biphasic shock is a type of electrical shock used by modern AEDs to correct a disturbed heart rhythm, such as ventricular fibrillation. In a biphasic shock, the electrical energy flows in two directions: first in one direction and then in the opposite direction. This makes the shock more effective with less energy, which reduces the chance of damage to the heart. Biphasic AEDs are more efficient and increase the chance of successful defibrillation compared to older, monophasic models.

Defibrillation is the process of delivering a controlled electrical shock to the heart to correct a life-threatening heart rhythm disorder, such as ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia. This shock restores the normal heart rhythm by resetting the chaotic electrical activity in the heart. An AED (Automated External Defibrillator) performs this process after analyzing the heart rhythm and provides clear instructions to the user. Timely defibrillation is crucial and can significantly increase the chance of survival in the event of cardiac arrest.

An ECG (electrocardiogram) is a medical test that measures the electrical activity of the heart. It is used to see how the heart is functioning and to detect abnormalities, such as heart rhythm problems or a heart attack. During an ECG, electrodes are placed on the skin of the chest, arms and legs, which record the electrical signals from the heart. The ECG displays these signals in the form of a graph, which helps doctors diagnose heart conditions and assess heart health.

AED electrodes are self-adhesive pads that are placed on the victim’s chest. They serve two important purposes: recording the heart rhythm and delivering an electric shock to the heart if necessary. The electrodes must be placed correctly (one under the collarbone and one on the side under the chest) for them to work effectively. AED electrodes are often single-use and have a limited shelf life. Regular inspection and replacement of expired electrodes is essential to keep the AED ready for use at all times.

In the Netherlands, approximately 17,000 cardiac arrests occur outside of hospital each year, with an average age of 67, with 70% of victims being male. In more than 75% of cases, a bystander starts resuscitation before the ambulance arrives, and in 50% of cases, an AED is connected by the bystander.

The HartslagNu call system, active since 2007, enables citizen responders to arrive at the scene faster than the ambulance, which increases the chance of survival. Rapid use of an AED increases survival in a shockable rhythm to 50-70%, but every minute of delay reduces the chance of survival by 10%. The average survival after resuscitation is 23%.

Download the brochure from the Dutch Heart Foundation here with all the figures at a glance.

A semi-automatic AED is a type of Automated External Defibrillator where the rescuer analyses the heart rhythm using the device, after which the AED indicates whether a shock is necessary. The rescuer must then press a button to administer the shock. This type of AED offers full guidance through spoken and visual instructions, making it easy to use, even for people with limited training. The semi-automatic AED gives the rescuer control over the moment of shock administration, which can be useful in certain situations.

The height at which an AED is hung is important for rapid and accessible use in emergency situations. According to guidelines, it is recommended to place the AED at a height of approximately 1.20 to 1.50 meters from the ground.

This has several advantages:

1. Accessibility: Both adults and children can easily reach the AED.
2. Ease of use: The height is ergonomic, allowing the device to be picked up quickly and without obstacles.
3. Visibility: At this height, the AED is clearly visible to bystanders, which is essential in emergency situations.

When placing in an outdoor cabinet, additional factors are often taken into account, such as weather resistance and security. A correct hanging height contributes to efficient and fast assistance.

Ingress Protection Rating is a standardized way to indicate how well a device is protected against the ingress of solids (such as dust) and liquids (such as water). This value is essential for AEDs.

Child electrodes are special electrodes for an AED, designed for use with children up to 8 years old or weighing less than 25 kg. They provide a lower energy dosage, adapted to the body of a child, and are used to defibrillate safely and effectively in emergencies.

The Child button is a feature on some AEDs that sets the device for use on children under 8 years of age or weighing less than 25 kg. By enabling the Child button, the AED automatically reduces the amount of energy (joules) delivered during a defibrillation shock to make it suitable for a child's heart.

If the AED does not have a child button, special child electrodes can be used to adjust the shock intensity. If neither is available, the AED's default setting can be used, because defibrillation is always preferable to no action. The child button increases the safety and effectiveness of the AED for young patients.

A multilingual AED is a defibrillator that can provide spoken and/or visual instructions in multiple languages. This type of AED is particularly suitable for use in international or public environments, such as airports, train stations, or large companies.

The user can usually easily switch between languages ​​via a button or switch. This makes the device more accessible to rescuers with different language backgrounds and increases the chance of correct use in emergency situations. Multilingual AEDs increase the deployability and ease of use in various settings.

A metronome in an AED is a feature that provides an audible rhythm to guide rescuers in performing chest compressions during CPR. The metronome sound helps maintain the recommended rate of 100-120 compressions per minute, which is critical for effective CPR.

This feature is especially useful for less experienced rescuers, as it helps them maintain a consistent pace, which increases the chance of successful resuscitation. The metronome is often combined with voice prompts to make resuscitation even easier.

A monophasic shock is an older technology that sends the electrical energy through the heart in one direction during defibrillation. This type of shock was used in older AEDs and typically requires a higher energy output (up to 360 joules) to be effective.

Today, most AEDs are equipped with biphasic technology , which is more efficient because the energy is directed in two directions. This requires less energy (120-200 joules), which reduces the risk of cardiac damage and increases effectiveness. Although monophasic AEDs can still be life-saving, they are gradually being replaced by biphasic models due to their better performance and safety.

Rapid charging refers to the ability of an AED to be ready to deliver an electric shock within seconds of a shock advisory. This minimizes the time between analyzing the heart rhythm and delivering the shock, which is critical for effective resuscitation and increasing the victim’s chance of survival.

The test mode of an AED is a function that allows the device to be checked without actually delivering an electric shock. This is used for training, maintenance or self-testing. In the test mode, functions such as battery status, electrodes and software performance can be checked. It ensures that the AED remains operational and reliable for use in emergency situations.

Training pads are special pads used during CPR training with a training AED. Unlike standard pads, they do not deliver an electric shock, but simulate the use of an AED. These pads are reusable and designed to simulate real-life scenarios, so that users become familiar with the correct placement and operation of an AED.

Replacement training electrode stickers usually last 30 to 50 uses . The exact lifespan depends on how often they are used and how they are maintained in combination with the resuscitation manikin. With regular use, the adhesive strength can decrease over time. To extend the lifespan, it is important to keep the stickers dust-free and store them in a dry, cool place. As soon as they no longer stick well or become damaged, they need to be replaced.

Safety instructions when using an AED are essential to ensure that resuscitation is safe and effective for both the victim and the rescuers.

Important safety guidelines:

1. Check the environment:
2. Keep your distance during shock administration:
3. Dry skin:
4. Placement of electrodes:
5. Use in children:
6. Keep metal and pacemakers in mind:
7. Follow AED instructions strictly:

Following the safety instructions will reduce the chance of complications and allow life-saving actions to be performed safely.

Consumables for an AED are parts that need to be replaced regularly to keep the AED operational and reliable. Examples of these are:

• Electrodes: Self-adhesive pads that are placed on the chest. They have a limited shelf life and must be replaced after use.
• Battery: Provides the power supply to the AED. Batteries have a limited lifespan and must be replaced in time.
• Training Electrodes: Used during training, often reusable, but wear out over time.

Regularly checking and replacing consumables is essential to ensure the AED is ready for use in emergency situations.

A fully automatic AED is a type of defibrillator that, after analyzing the heart rhythm, independently administers an electric shock when necessary. The user only needs to place the electrodes correctly and follow the instructions of the device.

Features:

• Automatic shock delivery without the rescuer having to press a button.
• Clear spoken and visual instructions for easy operation.
• Designed for fast and safe assistance, even by untrained users.

A fully automatic AED minimizes the chance of human error and saves valuable time in emergency situations.

Moisture resistant means that an AED or its components, such as the electrodes, can withstand exposure to moist conditions, such as rain or a humid environment. This is important to ensure that the AED continues to function safely and effectively in various situations.

Key points:

• Protection Level: Many AEDs have an IP rating (for example IP55), which indicates how well they are protected against water and dust.
• Use in wet conditions: If a victim is wet, dry the chest before placing the electrodes.
• Storage: Store the AED in a dry place to prevent damage from prolonged exposure to moisture.

A fluid resistant AED can be safely used in outdoor environments, but it is important to always follow the manufacturer's instructions for use.

An AED's water and dust resistance indicates how well the device can withstand exposure to moisture and dust, which is important for use in various conditions, such as outdoor locations or industrial environments.

IP rating:

AEDs are rated according to the IP (Ingress Protection) standard :

• First digit (dust resistance): Ranging from 0 (no protection) to 6 (completely dustproof).
• Second digit (water resistance): Ranging from 0 (no protection) to 8 (protected against prolonged immersion).

For example: An IP55 rating means protection against dust and water jets.

Key points:

• Storage and use: Water and dust resistant AEDs are suitable for outdoor locations and wet environments, such as swimming pools or sports fields.
• Maintenance: Keep the AED clean and free from dirt to maintain durability.
• Dry Use: In rain or damp conditions, the victim's chest should always be wiped dry for safe use.

Choosing a water and dust resistant AED is essential for environments where exposure to the elements is unavoidable.

With an AEDwijzer service agreement you can report an AED deployment 24/7. Within 4 hours (also outside office hours) our service technician will come to the location to solve the problem.

The technician replaces parts such as electrodes, the battery or the safeset if necessary. In addition, we can read the AED (ECG data/heart film) and forward the information to the attending physician.

If you do not have a service agreement, please contact us as soon as possible for assistance.

Report an effort?
Call the service desk at 085-8005577 .

The analysis phase of an AED refers to the moment when the Automated External Defibrillator checks the victim's heart rhythm. This occurs after the electrodes have been correctly placed on the patient's chest. The AED determines whether a shock is needed to restore the heart rhythm. During this phase, bystanders are not allowed to touch the victim to ensure accurate analysis. The AED then gives clear instructions on the next steps, such as administering a shock or continuing CPR.

The analysis time is the period in which an AED monitors the victim's heart rhythm after placing the electrodes. During this time, usually a few seconds, the device determines whether a shock is necessary. It is essential that no one touches the victim during the analysis time to ensure an accurate assessment.

Basic life support, also known as BLS (Basic Life Support), is the first life-saving actions performed on a victim in cardiac arrest or respiratory failure. It consists of checking consciousness and breathing, calling emergency services, and performing chest compressions and rescue breaths at a 30:2 ratio. If available, an AED is used to restore heart rhythm. BLS is intended to support circulation and breathing until professional help arrives.

Rescue breaths are intended to bring oxygen to the victim's lungs when they are no longer breathing. Together with chest compressions, they are an essential part of resuscitation (30:2 ratio: 30 compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths). Rescue breaths involve gently tilting the victim's head back, closing the nose, and blowing air into the mouth until the chest rises. This helps to deliver oxygen to the organs and increases the chance of survival. If rescue breaths are not possible, chest compressions alone can be effective.

Chest compressions are a critical part of CPR, intended to artificially maintain circulation during cardiac arrest. By applying rhythmic pressure to the center of the chest with outstretched arms, the heart is compressed between the sternum and the spine, which forces blood to the vital organs. The recommended depth is about 5-6 cm, with a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute. Effective compressions, along with rescue breaths if necessary, increase the chance of survival until an AED or professional help is available.

A citizen responder is a trained volunteer who is called in to provide first aid in the event of a cardiac arrest via a call system (such as HartslagNu in the Netherlands). This responder is usually familiar with resuscitation and the use of an AED. In the event of a report of a cardiac arrest, a citizen responder can often arrive at the scene faster than professional emergency services, which significantly increases the victim's chance of survival. Citizen responders play an important role in the chain of survival.

Read more about citizen responders in the brochure of the Dutch Heart Foundation.

CPR feedback is a feature of some AEDs that provides real-time guidance and corrections during CPR. This feature analyzes the quality of chest compressions, such as depth, rate, and consistency, and provides prompts to improve effectiveness. For example, "Press harder" or "Increase the pace." CPR feedback helps rescuers, both trained and untrained, perform optimal CPR, which can significantly increase the victim's chance of survival.

Correct placement of the electrodes is crucial for the effective use of an AED. In adults, the electrodes are placed as follows:

1. Upper electrode: Just below the right collarbone.
2. Lower electrode: On the left side of the chest, below the nipple, on the side of the ribs.

For children or babies, a special children's set of electrodes can be used. If this is not available, electrode placement on the front and back of the body (front-back placement) can be applied. Correct placement ensures that the AED can properly analyze the heart rhythm and, if necessary, can administer a shock to restore a normal rhythm.

Energy delivery in an AED refers to the amount of electrical energy (measured in joules) that the device delivers during a defibrillation shock. Modern AEDs typically use biphasic technology, efficiently delivering energy in a range of 120 to 200 joules, depending on the model and the patient's needs. The goal is to effectively reset the heart without causing unnecessary damage to heart tissue. The AED automatically determines the required energy delivery, allowing both trained and untrained users to operate the device safely.

A controlled shock is an electrical impulse delivered by an AED to correct a life-threatening heart rhythm disorder, such as ventricular fibrillation. The shock is carefully measured and adjusted by the AED based on the victim's analyzed heart rhythm. Modern AEDs use biphasic technology to make the shock more effective and safer. The device guides the rescuer step by step to safely deliver the shock, and the AED automatically prevents the delivery of a shock if it is not needed.

A qualified AED rescuer is someone who has been trained in the correct and safe use of an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) and in performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This person is usually certified through a CPR or first aid course that tests knowledge and practical skills. Qualified rescuers can respond quickly to cardiac arrest by analyzing the heart rhythm, administering a shock if necessary, and strengthening the chain of survival until professional emergency services arrive.

A first aid course (First Aid) is a course in which participants learn how to provide quick and effective assistance in medical emergencies. The training includes theoretical knowledge and practical skills, such as:

• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the use of an AED.
• Treating wounds, bleeding and burns.
• Help with choking, unconsciousness and broken bones.
• Stabilize victims until professional help arrives.

A first aid certificate shows that someone is competent in providing first aid. This training is suitable for both individuals and professionals and can save lives in emergency situations.

Real-time CPR feedback is an innovative feature designed to significantly improve the quality of CPR. During CPR, the accuracy of chest compressions plays a crucial role. The correct depth and rate are vital to the life of the patient, as they ensure that the heart continues to pump blood effectively to vital organs, such as the brain and the heart itself.

With real-time CPR feedback, the rescuer receives direct spoken or visual instructions during CPR about the quality of the chest compressions performed. For example, if the compressions are not deep enough or are performed too quickly, the feedback will indicate this so that the rescuer can make immediate adjustments. This is often done via sensors in the electrodes or via special pads that measure the compressions and pass the information on to the device, such as an AED (Automated External Defibrillator).

This feature is especially useful for citizen responders and lay people who are often under great pressure in emergency situations. By guiding them with clear feedback, real-time CPR feedback helps to minimize human error and maximize the effectiveness of CPR. This not only increases the chance of a successful CPR but also contributes to a better chance of survival and a potentially faster recovery for the victim.

In addition, this technology can also contribute to educational purposes. During training, real-time feedback helps rescuers learn the correct rhythm and technique of resuscitation, which better prepares them for real emergency situations.

In emergency situations where every second counts, real-time CPR feedback is an indispensable tool that can save lives by optimizing the quality of CPRs.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), also known as cardiopulmonary resuscitation, is a life-saving technique used in the event of cardiac arrest. The goal is to maintain blood flow and oxygen supply to vital organs until professional help arrives.

Steps of CPR (adults):

1. Check response and breathing:
2. Call 112:
3. Start chest compressions:
4. Add breaths (if trained):
5. Use an AED:
6. Keep going:

Resuscitation is a crucial link in the chain of survival and significantly increases the chance of recovery from cardiac arrest.

The guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) have been developed to guide emergency responders, both trained and untrained, in how to respond effectively to an emergency situation such as cardiac arrest. These guidelines are regularly updated by international organisations such as the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) .

Shock advice is a function of an AED where the device indicates whether an electric shock is necessary after analyzing the heart rhythm. This advice is given automatically based on the detection of a life-threatening arrhythmia, such as ventricular fibrillation. If a shock is not necessary, the AED gives instructions to continue with resuscitation (chest compressions and breaths). Shock advice ensures that the AED is used safely and effectively.

The shock button is a part of a semi-automatic AED that allows the user to administer an electric shock after the device has analyzed that this is necessary. The AED gives clear instructions to only press the button when everyone is at a safe distance from the victim. This increases the safety and effectiveness during the use of the AED.

If your AED is malfunctioning, acting quickly is crucial. First check the error message or status indicator. Is there a red light or warning? Then try replacing the battery or electrodes. Does this not help? Call AEDwijzer immediately. They can guide you by phone or provide a replacement device. Make sure you have the error message and the serial number of the AED at hand. Do not leave the AED unattended and make sure a back-up AED is available. Acting quickly can save lives!

Reading out an AED is the process of downloading and analyzing data after a deployment. This data often includes:

• The victim's heart rhythm.
• Timing of resuscitation actions, such as starting compressions and administering shocks.
• AED service life and actions.

Reading is done with special software or hardware, such as a USB cable or wireless connection, provided by the manufacturer. This information is valuable for medical evaluations and improving future resuscitation procedures.

A delayed shock refers to a situation where the AED needs more time to analyze the heart rhythm and deliver a shock. This can occur due to:

• Movements or touching of the victim during analysis.
• Problems with the placement of the electrodes.

To avoid a delayed shock, care must be taken to:

• No one touches the victim during the analysis.
• The electrodes are positioned correctly and are making good contact with the skin.

A quick and effective shock is crucial to successful resuscitation. If a delay occurs, continue chest compressions until the AED signals to deliver a shock.

Breathing is the process of inhaling oxygen into the lungs and exhaling carbon dioxide. It is a vital function of the body that is essential for the supply of oxygen to the organs and tissues. In cardiac arrest, breathing often stops, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (including rescue breathing and chest compressions) is needed to temporarily maintain oxygenation until specialized help arrives.

Adrenaline is a hormone produced by the body in response to stress or danger. It increases heart rate, improves blood flow to muscles, and increases energy levels. In medical emergencies, such as cardiac arrest, adrenaline can be administered to support heart function and improve circulation. It is often used in conjunction with cardiopulmonary resuscitation to increase survival.

Anamnesis is the process by which a healthcare provider gathers information about a patient’s medical history and current condition. In an emergency, this may involve asking bystanders or family members, such as known conditions, medication use, or the cause of the incident. This helps to provide first aid more quickly and effectively.

Arrhythmia is a disturbance of the normal heart rhythm. It can mean that the heart beats too fast, too slow or irregularly. In serious arrhythmias, such as ventricular fibrillation, the heart cannot pump blood effectively, which is life-threatening. An AED can help by analyzing the heart rhythm and, if necessary, delivering a shock to restore a normal rhythm.

Asystole, also known as cardiac arrest, is a condition in which there is no electrical activity in the heart and the heart stops pumping completely. This is shown on an ECG as a straight line ("flatline"). Because an AED is only effective for cardiac arrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation, it cannot deliver a shock in asystole. In this case, immediate resuscitation (chest compressions and breaths) and medical attention are necessary.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a heart rhythm disorder in which the atrium contracts irregularly and often too quickly. This causes an irregular heartbeat, which reduces the heart's efficiency. Symptoms include palpitations, fatigue, dizziness and shortness of breath. It increases the risk of blood clots, stroke and heart failure. Treatment involves medications to regulate the heart rate, blood thinners to prevent clots, and sometimes cardioversion or ablation to restore normal rhythm.

Atrial flutter is a heart rhythm disorder in which the atria of the heart contract very quickly and regularly, usually at a rate of 250 to 350 beats per minute. This rapid rhythm is often partially transmitted to the ventricles, which can lead to an irregular heartbeat. Although atrial flutter is usually not immediately life-threatening, if left untreated it can cause complications, such as blood clots or heart failure. An AED is not intended to treat atrial flutter, as it is not a shockable heart rhythm disorder. Treatment requires medical intervention, such as medication or electrical cardioversion by a doctor.

Unconsciousness is a condition in which a person does not respond to stimuli and has no control over body position or movements. This can be caused by various factors, such as lack of oxygen, cardiac arrest, stroke or serious injury. In the event of unconsciousness, it is crucial to provide immediate assistance: check breathing, call emergency services and start resuscitation if necessary. An AED can be used if the victim does not have normal breathing and heartbeat. Timely action can save lives.

Bradycardias are heart rhythm disorders in which the heart rate is slower than 60 beats per minute. This can be normal in athletes, for example, but it can also indicate problems such as a poorly functioning pacemaker (sinus node), AV block or underlying conditions such as hypothyroidism. Symptoms include fatigue, dizziness, shortness of breath or fainting. Treatment varies from adjusting medication to placing a pacemaker in severe cases.

Cardiology is the medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases of the heart and blood vessels. A cardiologist treats a wide range of heart conditions, such as heart rhythm disorders, heart failure, angina pectoris, and heart attacks. In addition, a cardiologist performs tests, such as an ECG, echocardiography, or cardiac catheterization, to assess the health of the heart. Cardiology plays a crucial role in improving heart health and saving lives.

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a medical test that measures and records the electrical activity of the heart. It displays the electrical impulses that control the heart's rhythm and heart rate in the form of a graph. An ECG can help detect arrhythmias, heart attacks, and other heart conditions. Some advanced AEDs have a built-in function to display a simplified ECG, which can help rescuers assess the situation. A standard ECG is usually performed in a hospital or clinic with specialized equipment.

Extrasystoles are extra heartbeats that briefly disrupt the normal rhythm. They are often felt as a skipped beat or an irregular heartbeat. They are usually harmless and are caused by stress, caffeine or other stimuli.

Fibrillation is a serious heart rhythm disorder in which the heart contracts irregularly and chaotically due to uncontrolled electrical activity. There are two main types:

1. Atrial fibrillation (atrial fibrillation): The atria of the heart contract quickly and irregularly, which can lead to an increased risk of blood clots, stroke and heart failure.
2. Ventricular fibrillation: The chambers of the heart contract in an uncoordinated manner, causing the heart to stop pumping blood effectively. This is life-threatening and requires immediate defibrillation with an AED.

Fibrillation reduces the efficiency of blood circulation and, if left untreated, can be fatal. Early recognition and treatment are crucial.

Gasping is an abnormal, irregular breathing pattern that often occurs during cardiac arrest. It sounds like gasping or jerking breaths and is not normal breathing. Although gasping is a reflex of the body, it does not adequately supply the body with oxygen. It is a sign that immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is needed. If gasping is observed in an unresponsive victim, it should be treated as cardiac arrest, and an AED should be used if available. Early intervention can save lives.

A heart attack, also called a myocardial infarction, occurs when the blood supply to a part of the heart is blocked, usually by a blood clot. This results in damage to the heart muscle due to a lack of oxygen. Symptoms of a heart attack may include: chest pain, pain radiating to the arm, neck or jaw, shortness of breath, sweating and nausea.

A heart attack is not the same as cardiac arrest, but it can lead to it. In the event of a heart attack, immediate medical attention is essential. CPR and an AED are only necessary if the victim becomes unconscious and stops breathing normally. Early recognition and treatment save lives.

Heart block is a heart rhythm disorder in which the electrical signals in the heart are slowed or blocked as they travel from the atria to the ventricles. This can result in a slow or irregular heartbeat. There are three degrees of heart block:

1. First degree: Slowing of electrical signals without symptoms.
2. Second degree: Not all signals reach the ventricles, sometimes causing dizziness.
3. Third degree (complete block): No signals reach the ventricles, which can lead to serious symptoms such as fainting.

Treatment ranges from no action for mild forms to a pacemaker for severe blockages.

Heart rate is the number of times the heart contracts per minute to pump blood through the body. In a healthy person, the resting heart rate is usually between 60 and 100 beats per minute. Heart rate can vary depending on factors such as exertion, emotions, health, and age.

During cardiac arrest, the heartbeat stops or becomes chaotic and irregular (as in ventricular fibrillation). In such cases, immediate CPR and the use of an AED are necessary to restore the heart rhythm. Checking the heartbeat is an important part of assessing the victim's condition.

An arrhythmia is a deviation in the normal rhythm of the heart. It can beat too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia) or irregularly. These disorders are caused by problems in the electrical signals that control the heart. Some arrhythmias, such as ventricular fibrillation, can be life-threatening and require immediate intervention, often with an AED. Other forms, such as an innocent extra beat, are usually not dangerous. Symptoms range from palpitations and dizziness to loss of consciousness.

Cardiac arrest is a life-threatening condition in which the heart abruptly stops pumping, causing a loss of blood flow and oxygen supply to vital organs. It is usually caused by a serious heart rhythm disorder, such as ventricular fibrillation. Symptoms include sudden loss of consciousness, no normal breathing, and no palpable pulse.

Immediate action is crucial: call 112, start resuscitation (chest compressions and breaths) and use an AED to restore the heart rhythm. Without rapid intervention, cardiac arrest will result in death within minutes. Timely help can save lives.

Collective term for various conditions that affect the heart.

The brain can survive only 3 to 6 minutes without oxygen before irreversible damage occurs.

What exactly is happening?

• 0-1 minute : Oxygen deprivation begins, but brain cells still function normally.
• 1-3 minutes : The brain does not get enough oxygen, which leads to disruption of functions. Brain tissue begins to experience slight damage.
• 3-6 minutes : Irreversible damage to brain cells occurs. This is often called the critical window.
• 6-10 minutes : Brain damage becomes more severe and the chance of full recovery decreases significantly.
• 10 minutes or longer : Brain tissue can die, leading to permanent damage or brain death.

Why is oxygen so important?

Brains need oxygen to produce energy. Without oxygen, brain cells cannot produce energy and begin to die.

What does this mean in emergency situations?

In cardiac arrest, oxygen supply to the brain is stopped. This emphasizes the importance of rapid resuscitation and the use of an AED to restore circulation and prevent brain damage.

Every second counts!

A pacemaker is a small medical device that is implanted in the body to correct an irregular or slow heartbeat. The device sends electrical impulses to stimulate the heart and maintain a normal rhythm. A pacemaker is often used to treat conditions such as bradycardia (a slow heartbeat) or heart block.

Relevance to AED use:
When using an AED on a person with a pacemaker:

• Check for a scar or lump visible under the skin (usually on the upper left side of the breast).
• Do not place the electrodes directly above the pacemaker, but a few centimeters next to it.
• An AED can be safely used on someone with a pacemaker because the electric shock does not permanently damage the device.

A pacemaker helps the heart function normally, but does not provide support in the event of cardiac arrest. In that case, rapid resuscitation and AED use remain essential.

It is possible to feel or hear ribs cracking or snapping during chest compressions. This is a relatively common occurrence, especially in older people or those with fragile bones. Although this may be uncomfortable for the rescuer, it is important to continue CPR. Rib cracking is a side effect that outweighs the need to save the person's life.

What exactly is happening?

• Chest compressions : Chest compressions apply significant pressure to the breastbone to stimulate heart circulation. This can damage ribs, especially with hard compressions.
• Cracking sound or sensation : This may indicate a broken rib or loose cartilage.

Why is it not a reason to quit?

1. Chest compressions are essential : They keep oxygen-rich blood flowing to the brain and organs, which is crucial for survival.
2. Broken ribs are rarely fatal : Although painful, they are usually not life-threatening compared to the consequences of cardiac arrest.
3. Rescue Guidelines : Resuscitation protocols recommend continuing chest compressions even if ribs are broken.

How do you prevent unnecessary injuries?

• Correct hand placement : Place the hands centered on the sternum, not too low.
• Correct force and speed : Compress the chest about 5-6 cm, at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute.
• Full Recoil : Allow the chest to fully recoil after each compression.

If ribs break during CPR, it is a sign that the compressions are strong enough to be effective. Keep going until professional help arrives!

Sinus bradycardia is a slow heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute, originating from the sinus node (the heart's natural pacemaker). It can be normal in athletes or at rest, but can also indicate an underlying problem such as hypothyroidism, medication use or heart damage. Symptoms are often mild, such as fatigue or dizziness, but in severe cases fainting can occur. Treatment is usually not necessary in healthy individuals, but if symptoms occur, medication adjustments or a pacemaker may be necessary.

The sinus node is a small group of specialized cells in the right atrium of the heart that serves as a natural pacemaker. It generates electrical impulses that regulate the heart's rhythm, causing the heart to contract regularly and pump blood through the body.

Role in arrhythmias:
If the sinus node does not function properly, it can lead to heart rhythm disorders, such as a heart rate that is too fast (sinus tachycardia) or too slow (sinus bradycardia). In severe cases, medical intervention, such as a pacemaker, may be necessary to restore the rhythm.

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a heart rhythm disorder in which the heart beats abnormally fast due to a disturbance in the electrical signals above the heart chambers. It can cause dizziness, palpitations and shortness of breath, but is usually not life-threatening. An AED is not used for SVT.

Tachycardia is a heart rhythm disorder in which the heart beats too fast, usually above 100 beats per minute at rest. It can occur in the atria (supraventricular) or the ventricles (ventricular) of the heart. Some forms, such as ventricular tachycardia, can be life-threatening and require immediate treatment with an AED. Other forms are less serious and can be treated with medications or medical procedures.

Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is a life-threatening heart rhythm disorder in which the ventricles of the heart contract chaotically and uncontrollably. As a result, the heart can no longer pump blood, leading to cardiac arrest.

Features of VF:

• The heart exhibits rapid, irregular electrical activity.
• There is no longer any effective blood circulation.
• The victim becomes unconscious and does not breathe normally.

Treatment:

• Start CPR immediately.
• Use an AED as soon as possible to analyze the heart rhythm and administer an electric shock to restore normal rhythm.

Rapid action in ventricular fibrillation is crucial, because the chance of survival decreases by 7-10% every minute without defibrillation. VF is one of the most common causes of cardiac arrest.

The shelf life of an AED battery refers to the period in which the battery can be reliably used before it needs to be replaced. This period usually varies between 2 and 5 years, depending on the type of AED and the manufacturer.

It is important to check the battery regularly and replace it in time to ensure that the AED is always operational. Some AEDs give a warning signal when the battery is low. Regular checks are essential to prevent unexpected malfunctions.

The shelf life of AED electrodes refers to the period in which the electrodes are reliable and safe to use. This is influenced by the quality of the gel on the electrodes, which ensures good conduction of the electric shock and adhesion to the skin. The shelf life, usually 2 to 5 years after production, is clearly stated on the packaging.

After this date, the electrodes may dry out or lose their effectiveness, which may affect the functioning of the AED. It is important to replace expired electrodes in a timely manner and always have a spare set available to keep the AED ready for use.

The Royal Decree AEDs regulates the conditions for the use and availability of Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) in Belgium. The decree sets requirements for the placement, maintenance and training of users, in order to guarantee the effectiveness of AEDs and save lives in the event of cardiac arrest. Its aim is to improve public safety by increasing the number of available AEDs and ensuring that they are always in good condition.

View the contents of the Royal Decree here .

The lifespan of an AED (Automated External Defibrillator) varies, but is usually estimated at 7 to 10 years. This depends on the make, model, and the conditions in which the AED is stored. Key components, such as the battery and pads, have a limited shelf life and must be checked and replaced regularly. It is essential to test and maintain the AED periodically to ensure it is always in good working order and ready for use in an emergency.

The shelf life of an AED battery refers to the period in which the battery can be reliably used before it needs to be replaced. This period usually varies between 2 and 5 years, depending on the type of AED and the manufacturer.

It is important to check the battery regularly and replace it in time to ensure that the AED is always operational. Some AEDs give a warning signal when the battery is low. Regular checks are essential to prevent unexpected malfunctions.

The shelf life of AED electrodes refers to the period in which the electrodes are reliable and safe to use. This is influenced by the quality of the gel on the electrodes, which ensures good conduction of the electric shock and adhesion to the skin. The shelf life, usually 2 to 5 years after production, is clearly stated on the packaging.

After this date, the electrodes may dry out or lose their effectiveness, which may affect the functioning of the AED. It is important to replace expired electrodes in a timely manner and always have a spare set available to keep the AED ready for use.

The MDR (Medical Device Regulation) is a European regulation that guarantees the safety, quality and performance of medical devices, such as AEDs. This legislation, introduced in 2021, replaces the previous directive (MDD) and imposes stricter requirements on manufacturers, distributors and users of medical devices.

Click here to read the extended explanation.

Maintenance of an AED is essential to keep the device operational and reliable at all times. This includes:

• Regular checks: Visually check that the AED is ready for use and that no warning signals are displayed.
• Batteries: Check the expiration date and replace batteries in time.
• Electrodes: Check the expiration date and replace after use or when the date has passed.
• Cleaning: Keep the AED and storage area clean. Do not use aggressive cleaning agents.
• Software Updates: Periodically check that the AED software is up to date according to the manufacturer's guidelines.

Proper maintenance ensures that the AED is always ready for use in emergency situations.

Maintenance and self-testing of an AED ensures that the device is always ready for use. Most AEDs perform automatic self-tests to check the battery, pads, and internal components. If there are any problems, the AED will give a visual or audible warning. Regular maintenance, such as checking the shelf life of batteries and pads, is essential to ensure the reliability of the AED.

An AED maintenance agreement is a contract between the owner of the AED and a service provider, in which agreements are made about periodic maintenance and checks. This ensures that the AED is always in optimal condition and ready for use in emergency situations.

Contents of a maintenance agreement:

• Regular inspections: Check battery, electrodes, software and status indicators.
• Replacement of consumables: Timely replacement of batteries and electrodes according to the expiration date or after use.
• Repairs: Resolving any malfunctions or defects.
• Software Updates: Installing the latest software versions, if necessary.
• Documentation: A maintenance report after each inspection for legal and administrative purposes.

Advantages:

• Ensures the reliability and safety of the AED.
• Reduces the chance of unexpected failures.
• Meets legal and manufacturer-specific maintenance requirements.

A maintenance agreement helps AED owners meet their responsibilities and ensure the life-saving functionality of the device.

You can find the AEDwijzer maintenance agreements here .

Proper storage of an AED is essential to ensure functionality and reliability so that the device is immediately available in emergency situations.

Important storage guidelines:

• Accessibility: Store the AED in a visible and easily accessible place, such as in an AED cabinet. Use clear markings to indicate the location.
• Protection: Protect the AED from dust, moisture and extreme temperatures with a special AED cabinet or bag, preferably with an alarm function to prevent vandalism.
• Temperature: Keep the AED within the recommended temperature range (typically between 0°C and 50°C, depending on the model). Heated AED cabinets are required for outdoor use in cold climates.
• Regular Check: Check the AED status indicator regularly to ensure it is operational.
• Close to emergency responders: Place the AED in a central area where emergency responders or trained personnel have quick access.

A good storage location contributes to a rapid response and increases the chance of successful deployment in an emergency.

The battery and electrodes of an AED must be stored properly to ensure their functionality and shelf life.

Important storage guidelines:

• Temperature: Store the AED, batteries, and pads in a location with a constant, recommended temperature (usually between 0°C and 50°C, depending on the manufacturer). Avoid extreme heat, cold, or moisture.
• Dry environment: Ensure that the storage area is free from moisture and condensation to prevent damage to the electrodes and battery.
• Packaging: Leave batteries and electrodes in their original, unopened packaging until use.
• Availability: Keep the electrodes and battery with the AED so they are readily available in emergency situations.
• Shelf life check: Regularly check the shelf life of the electrodes and battery and replace them in time.

Proper storage prevents wear and tear and ensures that the AED remains reliable in emergency situations.

Regularly checking the battery and electrodes of an AED is essential to ensure that the device is always ready for use.

Why controls are important:

• Battery: A dead or expired battery may prevent the AED from functioning in an emergency.
• Electrodes: Expired or damaged electrodes may not adhere properly or may not function properly, affecting the effectiveness of the AED.

Recommended checkpoints:

1. Visual inspection:
2. Expiry dates:
3. Replacement after use:
4. Self-tests:
5. Periodic planning:

Regular checks ensure that the AED functions reliably in an emergency, which can save lives.

Cleaning a CPR manikin is essential to ensure hygiene, especially if the manikin is used by multiple people during training. Here are some steps to properly clean your CPR manikin:

General guidelines

1. Read the manual : Check the doll's owner's manual for specific cleaning instructions, as some materials are sensitive to certain cleaning agents.
2. Use gloves : Wear gloves to protect yourself and others while cleaning.

Cleaning steps

1. After every training

• Face mask and airways:
• Skin surface:

2. Periodic deep cleaning

• Removable parts:
• Fixed parts:

3. Use of disinfectants

• Use a product that is effective against bacteria and viruses (for example, 70% alcohol solution or a cleaning agent recommended by the manufacturer).
• Avoid abrasive cleaning agents to prevent damage to the doll.

Additional tips

• Store dry : Make sure the doll is completely dry before storing to prevent mold.
• Intermediate cleaning : During intensive training with multiple users, clean contact points more often.
• Keep spare parts on hand : Have extra face masks and airways available so you can change them quickly.

With these steps your CPR doll will stay hygienic and in good condition!

An AED service agreement is a contract between the owner of the AED and a service provider, in which agreements are made about periodic maintenance and checks. This ensures that the AED is always in optimal condition and ready for use in emergency situations.

Contents of a maintenance agreement:

• Regular inspections: Check battery, electrodes, software and status indicators.
• Replacement of consumables: Timely replacement of batteries and electrodes according to the expiration date or after use.
• Repairs: Resolving any malfunctions or defects.
• Software Updates: Installing the latest software versions, if necessary.
• Documentation: A maintenance report after each inspection for legal and administrative purposes.

Advantages:

• Ensures the reliability and safety of the AED.
• Reduces the chance of unexpected failures.
• Meets legal and manufacturer-specific maintenance requirements.

A maintenance agreement helps AED owners meet their responsibilities and ensure the life-saving functionality of the device.

You can find the AEDwijzer service agreements here .

AED Alert is a national call system in the Netherlands that alerts emergency services via their mobile phone in the event of a cardiac arrest in their immediate vicinity. The system sends volunteer citizen responders to a victim to start resuscitation while the emergency services are on their way. The responders are also sent to the nearest AED so that they can use it during resuscitation. AED Alert helps to increase the chances of survival in the event of a cardiac arrest by making rapid assistance possible.
AED Alert has now been incorporated into the nationwide HartslagNu

AHA ( American Heart Association ) : An American nonprofit organization dedicated to promoting heart health and preventing cardiovascular disease. The AHA provides guidelines and training for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the use of AEDs. They play a major role in developing protocols and standards for cardiac safety, first aid, and life-saving techniques that are recognized and used worldwide.

Ambulancezorg Nederland is a national organization responsible for the coordination and development of ambulance care in the Netherlands. They ensure the deployment of ambulances in medical emergencies, including resuscitations. In addition, Ambulancezorg Nederland works to improve the quality and efficiency of ambulance care by drawing up guidelines, stimulating innovations and providing training to ambulance personnel. They play a crucial role in ensuring fast and effective assistance in life-threatening situations such as cardiac arrests.

The European Resuscitation Council (ERC) is an international organisation dedicated to advancing knowledge and skills in resuscitation and first aid in Europe. The ERC develops guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and other life-saving interventions, which are used by medical staff and emergency responders to help people in emergency situations such as cardiac arrest. The organisation also provides training and certifications for professionals and the general public to help them perform CPR correctly. The ERC guidelines are based on scientific research and are regularly updated to ensure that the latest knowledge is applied.

HartslagNu is a national resuscitation call system in the Netherlands that alerts citizen responders to a cardiac arrest in their area. When someone calls 112 for a cardiac arrest, registered volunteers in the area are called via an app or text message to help immediately. These citizen responders are asked to start resuscitation or to pick up a nearby AED and bring it to the victim.

The goal of HartslagNu is to shorten the time between the moment of cardiac arrest and the start of resuscitation or the administration of a shock with an AED. Rapid help is crucial, because the chance of survival increases significantly when resuscitation is started within a few minutes.

The Dutch Heart Foundation is a Dutch organization that is committed to preventing and combating cardiovascular diseases. Since its foundation in 1964, the Dutch Heart Foundation has been working on scientific research, education and prevention to improve heart health and save lives. They focus on promoting a healthy lifestyle, early detection of heart problems and improving care for people with cardiovascular diseases.

In addition, the Dutch Heart Foundation stimulates resuscitation education and the use of AEDs (Automatic External Defibrillators) by, for example, deploying citizen responders via HartslagNu . Their mission is to ensure that everyone has a healthy heart and to reduce mortality from cardiovascular diseases.

Ilcor (International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation) is a global collaboration that develops and harmonizes guidelines for resuscitation and emergency care based on scientific research. It collaborates with resuscitation councils such as the ERC and AHA and publishes regular updates of resuscitation guidelines

The Dutch Resuscitation Council (NRR) is the national organization in the Netherlands that focuses on promoting resuscitation education and the implementation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guidelines within the country. The NRR works closely with the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) to translate and adapt international guidelines at a national level. The organization offers training, certifications and educational materials for both professionals and lay rescuers.

The NRR plays an important role in increasing the chances of survival from cardiac arrest by promoting early resuscitation and the use of Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs). Their mission is to enable more people to respond quickly and adequately in emergency situations.

The Oranje Kruis is a Dutch organization that focuses on promoting first aid. It provides certifications such as the first aid diploma and organizes first aid courses. This organization sets guidelines for safe and effective first aid, such as the use of AEDs. Their certification ensures that first aid workers work according to the correct protocols. Their quality mark stands for quality and expertise in the first aid world.

A Regional Ambulance Service (RAV) is responsible for the organisation and implementation of ambulance care within a specific region in the Netherlands. The RAV coordinates both emergency and planned ambulance care and ensures that patients receive timely and safe medical care. In addition, the RAV works together with other emergency services, such as safety regions, to guarantee a fast and efficient response to emergency situations. The use of AEDs and resuscitation care plays an important role in acute care.

Restart a Heart Day is an international awareness day held annually on October 16. The aim of this day is to raise awareness about resuscitation and to teach as many people as possible how to perform resuscitation and use an AED. The campaign emphasises the importance of rapid resuscitation in the event of cardiac arrest, as this significantly increases the chances of survival. Through workshops and training, people are encouraged to learn life-saving skills.

The Red Cross plays an important role in the field of resuscitation by offering courses and training. They teach people how to resuscitate and how to use an AED (Automatic External Defibrillator) in emergency situations, such as cardiac arrest. In addition, they promote awareness of the importance of resuscitation skills and contribute to better assistance in life-threatening situations. The Red Cross works to increase the accessibility of resuscitation knowledge for everyone.

Go to the website of Stichting Vrouwenhart is a Dutch organization that focuses on improving the recognition, treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases in women. Heart complaints in women often manifest differently than in men, which can lead to misdiagnoses and delayed treatment. The foundation is committed to awareness, scientific research and better care for women with (an increased risk of) heart problems. Stichting Vrouwenhart also offers information and support to patients and their loved ones.

A safety region is a partnership of municipalities within a specific region, aimed at ensuring public safety. These regions coordinate and organize the emergency services such as fire brigade, police, ambulance care and crisis management. The goal is to jointly limit risks and respond adequately to disasters and crises. Safety regions play an important role in the implementation of AED networks and increasing accessibility to life-saving resources.